Modal analysis of aircraft engine blisks
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Abstract
The article deals with the actual problem of ensuring the vibrational reliability of aircraft engine blisks by conducting modal analysis, which makes it possible to determine natural vibration frequencies and modes. The localization of vibrations, increased resonance stresses and threat of disk destruction have been subjected to analysis due to heterogeneous geometric configuration of blades caused by machining errors and operational wear. The paper presents a comparative analysis of experimental natural vibration frequencies and mathematical modeling by the finite element method (FEM) using a specialized software demonstrating high convergence of results. Particular attention is paid to evaluating the effectiveness of various technological refinements for both compressor centrifugal impellers and axial stages. These modifications include trimming the leading edge and tailoring the profile thickness into several distinct shapes. The primary objective of these adjustments is to shift the natural vibration frequencies beyond the engine's resonance operational range. The study covers the analysis of the influence of centrifugal forces, which increase the dynamic stiffness of the structure, aerodynamic loads, as well as the temperature factor, which significantly reduces frequencies due to changes in the material's elasticity moduli under high-temperature operation. To evaluate resonance conditions, Campbell diagrams are used, which make it possible to graphically determine the intersection points of natural frequencies with excitation harmonics from the engine's structural elements. The practical part is based on the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the AI-450MS, D-36, and PZL-10W engine components to confirm the possibility of avoiding resonance zones through structural modifications. Additionally, the role of harmonic analysis is considered, which, unlike modal analysis, makes it possible to take into account the system damping and determine the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the blade under influence of specific exciting forces.
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